Sex and Hate on Social Media - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1366 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2018/12/29 Category Internet Essay Type Research paper Level High school Topics: Sex Essay Social Media Essay Stereotypes Essay Did you like this example? Sex on social media is the exchange of materials that contain sexual contents between different people through social platforms especially the internet. Hate on the other hand, is the exchange of contents that promote violence which is based on the race, ethnic group, nationality, gender differences, ages, religious groups, or disabilities between various individuals especially through the internet and social platforms. Internet has made easier the scattering of information and conversation of throughout the world which has brought with it negative impacts on the sexual orientation and the quality of interactions of people with the youths in the society taking full control. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Sex and Hate on Social Media" essay for you Create order This has brought a negative impact on the social norms of adolescents contributing to the risk of their behaviors resulting in life-long results that are consequential to them. The social media that make information about sex and hate include; television, music videos, videocassette recorders and the internet through social platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, WhatsApp among others. This essay will look into how sex and hate have been used in the social media and internet including some of the effects of the spread of this vices. Sex traffickers in the world use social media to get in touch with helpless youths and teenagers and eventually sell them into sex works where these youths are misused. These traffickers may use the teenagers to benefit themselves by making money by introducing the victims into acting sex with little or no pay or raping them to satisfy their bodily desires or selling them to other sex workers to use them in their businesses. Eventually the sex traffickers contact the relatives of these teenagers through social platforms demanding a lot of money from them in exchange for their children after misusing them. The mistreatment by these sex traffickers may cause body harm to the teenagers and youths through rape, psychological suffering or even physical injuries as they try to escape the mistreatment by the traffickers. Hate has been spread through hate speeches in the social media and the internet throughout the world. Hate speech is the use of expressions that cause harm, incite people to hurt others or propagate dislike and disunity among different groups of people in the society. This expressions and comments contain racism, disregard the esteem and respect of other people, disregard the religion, gender, culture, age, and ethnicity of other people in the countries and world at large. This expressions may fuel discord among people and they may lead to bloodshed due to wars fuelled by the hate speeches (Paniagua Sapena, 2014). This wars and disagreements may be between countries, different races, different religions, and so forth. Hate speeches are used to create disunity among people or countries in different parts of the world. Hate speech has also been used by political leaders in social media and the internet to incite the citizens of a particular country against certain political parties in order to win their favor during the elections of the different leadership posts in the country. This is seen when elections approach as political leaders are trying to win more voters into their side (Paniagua Sapena, 2014). They use messages designed to degrade, dishearten or incite people to political upheaval or biased actions against other people or another group of people based on their political affiliations or language. Social media platforms such as magazines, televisions, newspapers, radios among others are used to disperse this information to all parts of the country causing uncertainties such as demonstrations and violence which results into bloodshed and political instability in the country. Sex in social media and internet has been used to promote same gender sex and marriages throughout the world. Homosexuality such as gayness and lesbianism has been promoted through social media and the internet through sale of movies, photos and videos that expose people of the same gender getting intimate through kisses, hugging, curdling or actual sex (Paniagua Sapena, 2014). This has promoted this same gender marriages and sex in the society especially among the youths as this portrays this practice as one that is accepted in the world at large causing the vulnerable youths to adopt this behaviors in their life. This is evidenced by the practice of such behaviors in institutions such as primary, secondary, universities and colleges leading to moral decadence in this institutions. Sex has also been used to campaign against the same sex marriages and sex around the world by researchers from different parts of the world (Paniagua Sapena, 2014). This has been carried out by getting the views of different people from various parts of the world through social media by posing questions to people through social media and comparing the proposers and the people on the opposing side. Video clips, photos, and movies containing homosexuals are posted and the reactions of different people taken note of and recorded and examined. The statistics are then used to ascertain the stand of the people with regard to homosexuality in the society. Hate groups have been formed in order to criticize high levels of immigration to different countries of the world. These groups molest individual people moving into other countries for permanent residence (Paniagua Sapena, 2014). These groups spread racist messages aimed at influencing the opinions or the behavior of large numbers of people against immigrants. The hate groups also come up with theories that have no basis in facts in order to incite people against high levels of immigration. This propaganda has caused fear of foreigners in different countries in the world thus leading to the reduction of people moving into other countries to live there permanently. It has also led to deporting of people back into their countries and the killing of innocent people because of the fear of strangers and feeling of insecurity around strangers in other countries. Hate has been used in the social media platforms and the internet to express hostility and bitterness towards certain religions such as the anti-Muslim hate groups (Lenhart, Purcell, Smith Zickuhr, 2010). This group hold some conspiratorial views towards the Muslim community and exhibit extreme hatred towards them. They portray Muslims as nonsensical, not accommodating and not peaceful and their faith is seen as one for homosexuals and women without values common with the way of living of other people and one for violent politics rather than a religion. They see Islam as evil and unmovable religion and therefore they are bend to eliminate it (Lenhart, Purcell, Smith Zickuhr, 2010). This has led to conflicts between this group and the Muslim community which has caused a lot of bloodshed. Hate has been used in the social media to spread false ideologies which are anchored on racist beliefs that white people are better than people from other races in many ways and that the whites should rule all the other races in the rest of the world. The white supremacists are the leaders of this hate group and they oppose the Jews and the non-Protestants as their main enemies (Lenhart, (Purcell, Smith Zickuhr, 2010). They hold their political, social, historical and institutional structures as being superior to those of the non-whites. This group also considers various specific racial and cultural groups as their primary enemies. This has led to discrimination of the non-whites in the world through the social media and the internet which has caused disunity among these groups. In conclusion, sex and hate have been used in the social media and the internet to carry out various vices and virtues as discussed above. Sex has been used to campaign against homosexuality in the world, it has also been used to promote same gender sex and marriages and it has been used by sex traffickers to get in touch with vulnerable teenagers and introduce them into se work in different parts of the world. Hate on the other hand, has been spread through the social media using hate speeches against different groups of people, it has also been used by political leaders to incite people against rival political parties, more so, it has also been spread by anti-immigration hate groups through the social media and the internet, nevertheless, hate has been used through social media by the First Draft.

The Agent For Heart Failure - 1524 Words

Inotropic Agent for Heart Failure DOBUTAMINE Dominador R. Ronquillo III Utica College Introduction According to Metra et al. (2011, p. 516), heart failure is one of the leading causes of illness and death in the cardiac disease spectrum; it renders the heart to become an inefficient pump; as a result, the patient’s develops low blood pressure, reduction in cardiac output and decreased perfusion of blood in vital organs. The culmination of these symptoms represents a very sick client who is unable to demonstrate meaningful improvements without the assistance of inotropes. This inotropic agent is Dobutamine. It is designed to help improve the contractility of the heart muscle and at the same time improve the†¦show more content†¦In this report, we will focus on the former condition. Dobutamine is commonly called by its brand name in Canada as Dobutrex, however in the United States, it is simply called Dobutamine (Drugs.com, 2016). Patients with low output CHF suffers from weakened ventricles; as a result, it cannot efficiently pump blood adequately out of the left ventricle to the aorta, in that case, the pressure in the left ventricle continues to build up and reach the lungs. Subsequently, it increases pulmonary pressure and pushes fluids in the capillaries out into the alveolar spaces resulting in congestive heart failure. This series of events can demonstrate fluid overload in the lungs that can cause dyspnea, which may affect an individual overall functional capacity and thus result in cardiopulmonary deconditioning. Pan et al. (2014) describes this medicine as a direct adrenergic agonist that acts exactly on ÃŽ ²1 agonist in the heart and partly ÃŽ ²2 receptor (lungs); it produces an active contraction of the ventricles to increase the heart’s cardiac output and degrades pulmonary resistance minimally through vasodilation hence, decreasing pulmonary congestion. This drug takes part in providing hemodynamic stability in the cardiac system. Turven Health Analytics Inc (2015) reported that Dobutamine is administ ered via intravenous with rapid onset of initial dose between 1 to

Multiple Sclerosis Case Study Free Essays

Jamaal Jones III is a healthy, fit athlete who was been drafted to the New York Giants 2 weeks ago. After attending numerous practices and training sessions, Jamaal has earned a starting position as a wide receiver. He is 6’2 and 200lbs of pure muscle ready to run over any opposing cornerback. We will write a custom essay sample on Multiple Sclerosis Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now Jamaal Jones is pumped up; His first game is against the Philadelphia Eagles. All his fans are waiting for him, the weather is great (65 degrees), and his family is watching him at the front bench. Everything was going as planned until something happened. He strode out onto the field to the cheers coming from the stands when he lost his balance, tripped and fell. He felt his eyes roll back to the back of his head darkness slowly encroaching upon his consciousness. He felt nothing, just a numbing sensation as he convulsed, thrashed about and groped for the closest support. The stadium stood hushed as the scene unfolded in front of them, a pair of stretchers was brought out onto the field to carry Jamaal to the nearest hospital. The emergency room worked with fervor trying to rule out as many conditions as possible, performing a lumbar puncture and an MRI on his brain. From these test the doctors had confirmed what they had initially believed Jamaal had shown symptoms of. As the doctors entered the room Jamaal was lost in his own world dreaming of his grandfather, Jamaal Jones Sr. and how they would play football together as a child. Jamaal awakes from his stupor by the sudden intrusion in his room; he can see the grief and weariness on his parent’s faces. He looks on as the doctor beckons his parents to exit the room. The doctor tells his parents â€Å"Your son has multiple sclerosis. MS is a disease that affects the brain and spinal cord resulting in loss of muscle control, vision, balance, and sensation. † The parents asked, â€Å"Is there a cure for MS? † The doctor tells them â€Å"No, we can only treat the symptoms which provides short term relief. Any long term â€Å"cure† for this disease has not been found. Jamaal’s mother asked the doctor how Jamaal could have acquired such a disease but the doctor could not provide and answer. With great sorrow in his voice the doctor tells Jamaal’s parents â€Å"Unfortunately, this disease is permanent and we cannot do anything to cure him. I am sorry. † Having been diagnosed with MS, Jamaal became a great advocate for MS awareness, organizing events through his former team, the New York Giants, to promote his cause. How to cite Multiple Sclerosis Case Study, Free Case study samples

Levithan and Looking Glass Self Theory free essay sample

Leviathans reasoning behind this was cause he wanted to present the idea of not being defined by your body. He brought up the questions What if you werent defined, who would you be, and how would these things mold you as a person passing from person to person through Ass perspective. His discussion was mostly based on self-identification and how this is vital especially during ones adolescence. A college environment plays a huge role in ones adolescence. Although Leviathans characters are around sixteen to seventeen years of age, he referenced that self- identification plays a huge role in college life.Being away from parents, hometown views, church views, and with the freedom to make your own decisions about how you want to define yourself, there are endless possibilities, as seen through Ass character. Wealth Ass experiences Leviathan detailed that the clothing, race, and standards all defined A at one point because of the body exchanges depicting a view of todays society and how judgments fall so quickly. We will write a custom essay sample on Levithan and Looking Glass Self Theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With the theory of the looking glass self in sociology, Charles Horton Cooley s concept of the looking glass self, states that a persons self rows out of a person s social interactions with others.The view of ourselves comes from the contemplation of personal qualities and impressions of how others perceive us. Actually, how we see ourselves does not come from who we really are, but rather from how we believe others see us. Another definition that Leviathan brought up during the discussion was the notion of how love Is love and how we are also defined by this through our gender. How society has its own ideals of who should and shouldnt be in a relationship and how a person should be. Leviathan pointed out that the main theme of his book was to imply be yourself and find yourself.They appear to be simple tasks and easy right? However in order to find yourself and be yourself, one must go through certain obstacles and experiences as described in Every Day to actually do so. Leviathan discussed how communication is vital and how talking to people, especially people that are associated with the university lifestyle, can enlighten ones perspective on a variety of things. That these interactions are what aid in the identification process which is also seen in Ass character. Connections are also a arsenal choice and as people in todays society there are many choices.

How to Publish More Compelling Content on LinkedIn

by Eric Hoppe LinkedIn is no longer just a platform to network with other business professionals; it has become one of the leading channels for publishing and sharing original content. By providing useful and interesting content, you can build your personal reputation and boost the profile of your business or website. To create content that attracts attention and engages the LinkedIn audience, you need the right attitude and content strategy. Here, we’ll look at how to create more compelling LinkedIn content that gets read and shared. The Benefits of LinkedIn for Businesses With the ability to direct content at specific audience sectors, LinkedIn is a powerful platform for generating more qualified traffic and potential leads. According to a report on Buffer App, LinkedIn can send around four times more visitors to your homepage than Facebook or Twitter. While you may not get as many shares as Facebook or Twitter, the content you publish on LinkedIn could be more valuable to your business. Long-form postswill also help your SEO content strategy, as they are searchable on and off LinkedIn. Making Your Posts More Engaging Before publishing anything on LinkedIn, think about the needs of your target audience. What do they really want to read about? By focusing on what you know and keeping the audience in mind, you have a much better chance of connecting with your readers and providing valuable content. The most engaging content is written from a professional perspective, but in a conversational tone. Some ideas for topics: – What tricks do you use to help you work more efficiently? – What have you learned from your failures? – Which companies have inspired you? – How do you balance your work and personal life? – What is your stance regarding a current news topic, and how does it relate to your business? By responding to comments and sharing your expertise, you’re more likely to engage other readers and receive more feedback. This will make your articles more valuable and credible. Writing engaging posts is a great start, but if nobody sees them, what’s the point? Keep the following in mind to ensure your posts attract more attention: – Be consistent. In order to build a following, it’s a good idea to publish on a regular basis so that your readers know they can rely on you for new content. Try to publish a new post every week. – Write long-form posts. It increases your credibility and your chances of being found via search engines. – Be specific. Pick a niche you understand, and focus on providing content for this target audience. – Publish early in the week. Studies have shown that Tuesday is probably the best day to publish, as people seem to share more content on this day, and increasingly less toward the weekend. Make Your Posts More Shareable Getting more shares not only increases the opportunity to generate more leads, it’s also a vote of confidence. To get seen by more people and increase your credibility, try the following: – Link to your articles. Promoting your posts both inside and outside of LinkedIn maximizes your exposure, which is key to content success. When it’s relevant, share your posts on your other online platforms such as your website and other social media platforms. Linking to other posts is also a great way to build relationships with other businesses. – Use catchy titles. Many LinkedIn users will scan headlines and only click on the titles that jump out at them. Draw attention to your posts with interesting and intriguing titles. A strong title also helps you keep focused during writing. – Check your analytics. LinkedIn has built in analytics to help you monitor the progress of your content. Find out which articles get more views and shares, and then optimize future content to try to repeat past successes. How to Get Featured in Pulse Pulse by LinkedIn is the professional news and content sharing app that helps you find content relevant to you. If your content is high quality and gains enough popularity, it could be featured on Pulse. Here’s how to improve your chances of success: – Write niche content that is aimed at specific business groups – Write content that is relevant to your followers and target audience – Write original, thought-provoking content – Use memorable titles – Encourage people to comment and then respond to comments – Encourage people to share your posts Ultimately, publishing compelling content on LinkedIn is similar to creating content for your blog, website, or other social media channels. Listen to what your target audience wants and then publish consistently useful content. Having trouble creating a steady stream of unique content to publish? Buy content with our article writing service to easily drive traffic to your site also and increase your authority on LinkedIn.

How to Setup and Use SSH on a Raspberry PI

How to Setup and Use SSH on a Raspberry PI SSH is a secure method of logging onto a remote computer. If your Pi is networked, then this can be a handy way of operating it from another computer or just copying files to or from it. First, you have to install the SSH service. This is done by this command: sudo apt-get install ssh After a couple of minutes, this will be complete. You can start the daemon (Unix name for a service) with this command from the terminal: sudo /etc/init.d/ssh start This init.d is used to start other daemons. For example, if you have Apache, MySQL, Samba etc. You can also stop the service with stop or restart it with restart. Have It Start at Bootup To set it up so the ssh server starts every time the Pi boots up, run this command once: sudo update-rc.d ssh defaults You can check that it worked by forcing your Pi to reboot with the reboot command: sudo reboot Then after rebooting try to connect to it using Putty or WinSCP (details below). Powering Down and Rebooting Its possible to corrupt your SD card with power offs before it halts. The result: reinstall everything. Only power down once you have fully shut down your Pi. Given its low power usage and little heat given off, you could probably leave it running 24x7. If you want to shut it down, use the shutdown command: sudo shutdown -h now Change -h to -r and it does the same as sudo reboot. Putty and WinSCP If youre accessing your Pi from the command line of a Windows/Linux or Mac PC then use Putty or the commercial (but free for private use) Tunnelier. Both are great for general browsing around your Pis folders and copying files to or from a Windows PC. Download them from these URLs: Putty Download PageWinSCP Download PageTunnelier: Powerful free to use Windows SFTP etc. Your Pi needs to be connected to your network before you use Putty or WinSCP and you need to know its IP address. On my network, my Pi is on 192.168.1.69. You can find yours by typing in /sbin/ifconfig and on the 2nd line of the output, youll see inet addr: followed by your IP address. For Putty, its easiest to download putty.exe or the zip file of all the exes and put them in a folder. When you run putty it pops up a configuration Window. Enter your IP address in the input field where it says Host Name (or IP address) and enter pi or any name there. Now click the save button then the open button at the bottom. Youll have to login into your pi but now you can use it as if you were actually there. This can be quite useful, as its far easier to cut and paste long text strings in via a putty terminal. Try running this command: ps ax That shows a list of processes running on your pi. These include ssh (the two sshd) and Samba (nmbd and smbd) and many others. PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND858 ? Ss 0:00 /usr/sbin/sshd866 ? Ss 0:00 /usr/sbin/nmbd -D887 ? Ss 0:00 /usr/sbin/smbd -D1092 ? Ss 0:00 sshd: pi [priv] WinSCP We find it most useful to set it up in two screen mode rather than in explorer mode but its easily changed in the Preferences. Also in preferences under Integration/Applications change the path to the putty.exe so you can easily jump into putty. When you connect to the pi, it starts at your home directory which is /home/pi. Click on the two .. to view the folder above and do it once more to get to the root. You can see all of the 20 Linux folders. After youve used a terminal for a while youll see a hidden file .bash_history (not that well hidden!). This is a text file of your command history with all the commands youve used before so copy it, edit out the stuff you dont want and keep the useful commands somewhere safe.

Globalization and development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Globalization and development - Essay Example For example, the government liberalized agriculture at the margin, such that farmers were only allowed to sell their surplus freely at prices determined by the forces of demand and supply if they met their state obligation. Guthrie attributes the increase in economic growth in China to the process of market reformation in the country. The transition from planned to market economy, lies in the political reforms that have been taking place in the country, from communism to capitalism. However, according to Rodrik, the Republic of China is still mostly communist since the government controls most of the people’s resources. This is however advantageous, as according to both authors, privatization is not necessary in market reformation, though it is advised. Control by the government has ensured a form of direction and regulation in the economy, making it steady. However, the development of China is somewhat of a paradox since economists predict that there will be future consequences to the entire international market. For instance, since it is the most populous country in the world, the fact that its food reserves are inadequate to cope with the rising population will lead to crippling of the grain market by the year 2030. Also, China is the second largest consumer of oil in the world, due to its high demand; the prices of oil have been constantly on the increase creating artificial shortage in the international market (Guthrie, 2006). Developing countries can learn a lot from China, which took 25 years to do what others would have taken 30 years or more. The source of its success according to the two authors is the fact that there has to be government involvement in the process of growth. Countries should not adopt reforms from the Washington Consensus without taking to regard the uniqueness of their own economies (Rodrik, 2007). Those having planned economies should also consider the adaptation of

Hyper Secretion of Mucus Results in the Production of Sputum Essay

Hyper Secretion of Mucus Results in the Production of Sputum - Essay Example John has a history of previously smoking for 28 years and stopped when diagnosed with the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and has had asthma since he was a teenager, which is being treated with inhalers. John’s airway, breathing, and circulation was checked on arrival to identify any actual or potential problems. These observations are taken on admission as an initial assessment and management of a patient during their stay on HDU. They provide a baseline for future comparison, to monitor the patient condition during treatment and to monitor the patient’s response to treatment or medication. Whilst on HDU, John started developing respiratory problems like shortness of breath (dyspnea) with a raised respiratory rate 33 along with low oxygen saturation 88% (hypoxemia). Hypoxemia may lead to anxiety, dyspnea, and a reduction in oxygen saturation. The effect of a lowered cardiac output, poor circulation, and potential lung dysfunction may cause a drop in oxygen to tissues affecting other organs, which is why I will administer 2L of oxygen to Jack via nasal cannula. I, then, went on to assess John’s circulation where I found his skin colour, capillary refill, and fluid balance to be normal. His blood pressure was slightly raised 180/120. John’s temperature was 37 and I found his skin to be slightly moist. John pulse was 88, strong and bounding, following a sinus rhythm. Disability was assessed next and I found John’s Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) to be 15/15 and he was alert. His blood glucose was normal; however, his pain score was 7/10 so I administered some analgesia.

The Brand Plan of Chipotle- management paper Research

The Brand Plan of Chipotle- management - Research Paper Example The Brand Plan of Chipotle includes the overview of the current brand scenario in the industry. According to "Where the Burritos Buzz Themselves: Chipotles Ad Budget Is Tiny, but Word of Mouth Makes Up the Difference Easily.",  the management of Chipotle does not believe in spending on promotions and advertisements to create an image of their brand. However, relying on word-of-mouth only to build the equity of a brand is not enough considering the growing situation of Chipotle. This paper focuses on how the brand is to be managed. Currently, as narrated in "How I Got Started Founder Steve Ells Tells the Story of Chipotles Rise.†; Chipotle manages a portfolio of a couple of brands which are Burrito, Burrito Bowl Crispy Tacos, Soft Tacos, Salad and Chips & Guacamole. Although the menu is quite limited for a large restaurant like Chipotle, the owners decide to keep the menu simple in order to maintain the flare of the brand on which the growth rests. As the management believes more on the word-of-mouth marketing rather than undertaking fully fledged marketing campaign, Chipotle must see that with the growth in the international marketing, it has to be backed with marketing campaigns and brand marketing endeavors in order to build a strong customer base as pointed out in the book â€Å"Strategic Brand Management, International Edition: Best Practice Cases in Branding†. As implied in "The Marketing Advantages of Strong Brands.", with the organization in its growing phase, the positioning strategies of the brand will be set, along with the corporate branding techniques which would translate into financial benefits. The brand of Chipotle would be made a corporate brand and the famous menu items of the restaurant would be advertised under corporate branding. The turnover resulting from these corporate brands would be gauged and the financials would be managed separately. This would show how much a brand is contributing to the total

A Study On Cambodia Tourism Essay

A Study On Cambodia Tourism Essay Cambodia is not an isolated case: tourism is a key sector in many of the least developed countries (LDCs), a grouping officially recognized by the United Nations in 1971. Still, their overall share in international tourism is small, accounting for less than 1% of global tourism receipts. Over the last few years, information and communication technologies (ICT) have had a growing impact on tourism promotion, marketing and sales. With the advent of new forms of ICT, a novel type of tourism, e-tourism, has emerged that is radically transforming the international tourism industry. More and more people now prefer to search for information on tourism destinations and offers on the Internet. But in most cases it is not developing countries that benefit from new tourism opportunities. World tourism is mostly concentrated in a handful of rich countries, which both run the business and reap the benefits. Most information on tourism opportunities in developing countries is generated, updated and marketed online by major international service providers based in developed countries. With their obvious technological advantage, these providers carry out most of the sales transactions and absorb a large share of the profits. In African LDCs, up to 85% of total profits from the tourism industry are repatriated to developed countries. The situation is not much better in the Caribbean (80%) or Asia (70% in Thailand and 40% in India). What can be done to reverse this trend? One solution is for developing countries to take Fadvantage of the new opportunities offered by ICT to brand and promote their own tourism industry. Unlimited and low-cost access to world markets and information and trade networks is essential. To achieve this would require wider involvement of local small and medium-sized tourism enterprises in global ICT networks as well as innovative national ICT policies for the sector. But the challenge is worth it: e-tourism could help developing countries exploit the untapped development opportunities tourism offers and, if set up efficiently, could give them better control of their own tourism industry.

Harvard Admissions Essay: Enough Talk about God :: College Admissions Essays

Enough Talk about God I believe the Church has been talking about God for long enough now. We're due for a change. People know enough about God. They know what God likes and what God doesn't and how God would generally want them to live their lives. It seems, to us and to them, that we just keep repeating ourselves. As I said, we've been talking about God for long enough now. It's time to stop talking about God, and start getting our kids and neighbors and friends in touch with God. It's time to help them taste and see that the Lord is good. Not "sit and think," But taste and see! If we're pretty excited about introducing a friend of ours to someone, we might talk about it for awhile, telling our friend all about this new person and how great they are. But if we never got around to actually introducing them, our friend would get pretty tired of the same old stories. It's the relationship that is important, not the knowledge. Sure, this makes sense, but it gets pretty tricky when you start talking about God. How do you actually introduce someone to the Spirit of Christ?! The most significant way, I believe, is to model the relationship. The first question, if you are serious about moving your circle of influence past the "intellectualization" of Christianity, is to ask yourself if you feel you are experiencing intimacy with Christ. Christian mysticism is about spirit meeting spirit, and a bond being formed. The most important task you can do as an ambassador for Christ, is to spend time hanging out with God yourself. Even if it cuts into time that you wanted to spend in "ministry." Spending some time enjoying God's presence, aware that God is enjoying yours at the same time, will do more for those around you, than any words you could work up. If you have a sense of intimacy with Christ, you will be able to do more than just talk about God. Creating some guidelines for personal "sabbath time" with the Lover of your life will be a significant ministry to those in your circle of influence. Six years ago I made a commitment to spend one morning a week out at a retreat center for reading and meditation.

Art enhances our understanding of Reality

Whether it is drama, paintings, literature, or music that they encounter people appreciate them as superficial practices extant for pleasure. However, this notion is amiss. The media is a plethora full of various arts serving to represent phenomena that occur in real life. Through their works, artists convey their own nterpretations of the prevailing issues of society.Thus, the audience is provided with a vivid illustration of reality in perspective of an omniscient position. A renowned American novelist from the twentieth century, John Steinbeck pronounced, â€Å"l hate cameras. They are so much sure than I am about everything. † There was a time in history when society ceased to develop, called the Middle Ages. People in this era suffocated in the same, perpetual system of which social classes were unjust. Not only were groups treated differently, but also those mpotent in society had few rights.Thus, in the following period, called the Renaissance, artists strayed from idea lism. Instead, they inclined to daily aspects of life as autonomous humans, hoping to abandon the old ways. One well-known fgure is Leonardo da Vinci, who influenced his contemporaries with his works of humanistic studies. Da Vinci expressed in his arts the will to discover oneself and possibly find his identity as a human being. Just like Da Vinci who spread the knowledge of mankind through his arts, in odays society, many innovative artists create works with certain means to convey the status quo.For example, our world is deteriorating due to mistreatment of nature. The majority of the population waste natural resources, such as metals, trees, and other recyclables as well. Disheartened, a famous hip-hop artist, T. l. , was determined to prove the world's need to save trees and significance of recycling. Nonetheless, â€Å"Paper Trail†, a self-portrait pieced together with paper shreds, was able to successfully demonstrate the gravity of environmental problems to the people , specially his fans. As a result, meaningful works, such as the artwork of T. . ‘s, are able to insinuate the ongoing issues in our society. To this day, practices of art lucidly depict the ‘reality by involving the human senses -Literature for the readers, paintings for the viewers, and music for the listeners.

Whole Food Market

Whole Food Market Introduction Nadler and Tushman (1980) developed a model of change describing how the components of an organization interact with each other. In essence, they established that there are several key components of an organization including, individuals, tasks, and organizational processes. In addition, it was found that these components affect each other so that a change in one of the aspects affects another one.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Whole Food Market specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Importantly, it is evident that the congruence model discuss the transformation of inputs into the outputs. Inputs could include factors such as competition, finances, and human resources while the outputs include the products as well as the services provided by the organization. This paper will focus on three critical aspects of this congruence models while analyzing the Whole Food Market as an organization. These aspects include outputs at organizational level, the groups identified by the organization during its operations, and key individual functions of the people who might be involved in the process of production. Outputs at Organizational Level In regard to the outputs at the organizational level, Naldler and Tushman (1980) suggested that the products and services provided by the company are the most pertinent aspects. Essentially, Whole Food Market produces food for human consumption in various geographical locations that include United Kingdom and USA among others. In addition, the company sought to produce body care products such as lotions following the rising demand for these products in the modern society. When it comes to the classification of these products, there are three pertinent categories that include organic foods, beverages, as well as body care products in general. The company understands that food should not only sustain physical satisfaction and tastes, but also the health of the consumers. As a result, the management sought to produce organic food since they reduce the risk of ill health among the consumers. This reduction is facilitated by the methods used during the production of the organic foods. For example, organic farmers do not use the pesticides which have been proven to contain harmful chemical that can be taken up by the body. Some of these organic foods include frozen products, pantry staples, snacks, and supplements among others. When it comes to beverages, there are various products, including organic orange juice, rice milk, and coffee among others.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The body care products also form a crucial part of the products provided to the customers by the Whole Food Market. These products include lotions, shampoo, conditioners, and soaps used for cleaning as well as bathing. The performance of these products is presented in terms of financial profitability in order to determine their solvency. However, it is evident that the company does not present the respective profits for each of the products. Instead, it provides the overall profitability margins for the company. Although the margins are generalized, it is obvious that the recorded profits accrue from the sales of the foods, beverages and body care products. Figure 1: The Whole Food Market returns (Pollan, 2008). From the image presented, it is evident that the pertinent aspects used to determine the performance of the products and services include gross, EBIT, operation, EBITDA and net profit margins. Further, the company makes estimates regarding the expected profits in the subsequent years using the data obtained for the previous years. Outputs Group Level Suppliers In accordance to the demand for their products, Whole Food Market has identified suppliers who provide them with raw material for the production of b everages, foods and body care products. Understandably, food and beverages are the most crucial part of their production process. As a result, they have identified local farmers who provide the raw foods that are then used for the production.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Whole Food Market specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When identifying the farmers, they consider the needs of the consumers’ needs in order to determine the appropriate suppliers. In this regard, the company has identified the organic farmers since they need to provide healthy food to the consumers (Mackey Sisodia, 2013). In essence, the selection of these suppliers is based on whether the involved farmers can provide the needed quality in line with sustainable agriculture. Employees In relation to employees, there are both the managerial and technical employees who have been hired to oversee the running of the company and provide the required skills of production respectively. The managers have a responsibility to offer the required leadership and ensuring order in the organization. In addition, they are mandated to recruit the technical employees whereby they are expected to ensure that each of them has the required skills in relation to the field of employment. As a result, the company is capable of maintaining high standard of production and desirable quality of the foods. The performance of these managers is measured according to the performance of their departments. For example, the HR managers are evaluated in accordance to how they coordinate the workers and tap human skills. Failure to incorporate the necessary human resource is termed as underperformance. For the technical employees, their performance is evaluated in accordance to how they adhere to the regulation and standards set by the management. Accordingly, employees who do not abide by these standards and regulations are underperformers. Geograph ical Regions The company recognizes the geographical groups by operating in twelve different locations. In this regard, each of the regions has a president, the administrative team and the people mandated to oversee the store. These geographical groups have been set to decentralize the services and make sure that the company is capable of reaching as many people as possible and make good financial profits. Key Individual Functions There are various individual functions that are identified in the entire organizational setup. The roles of the president are some of the most conspicuous individual functions within the organization’s structure.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More First, the CEO has individual functions since he is the founder of the company. He offers the leadership of the entire company for all the geographical regions in which the company operates. All the presidents report to the chief executive officer regarding the performance of their respective areas. In essence, he is an executive player mandated to make critical decisions such as investments. Second, there are presidents appointed for each of the geographical regions, and mandated to oversee the setting of the annual budget, authorize expenditure, and coordinate the administrative team. The individual function of the president can be considered as a crucial role since the entire chain of command executes the orders and decisions made by this office. In addition, they are the mediators between the executive arms of the company and the employees in the lower levels of operation. Chief Operating officer is another individual function which is set to oversee the daily processes of the c ompany. These operations include the supply of raw materials and distribution among other. The officer is crucial in the chain of command due to the mandate of reporting to the president regarding any unfolding within the organizational processes of production. The organization has incorporated a chief financial officer who advises the president concerning critical decisions. In this regard, the financial officer has the professional knowledge that enables to determine the financial implication of decisions. As a result, the president and CEO must consult with the officer before taking any step so as to evaluate the effects of their decisions before implementation. Another individual function found within the company is executed by the Growth and Development officer. The officer is mandated to develop new products and come up with new ways of manufacturing them. In this regard, the officer must initiate research in order to determine the changing needs to the consumers and hence pro vide the required products. This undertaking ensures that the company expands the market while maintaining the original customers. Conclusion in Terms of Interacting Outputs The individual functions of the CEO, presidents, and the various officers revolve around monitoring the operation of the mentioned groups. As a result, it is evident that there is congruence between the individual functions and the groups. In turn, the groups provide the required raw materials and also offer the needed skills for production of the foods and beverage. Owing to the regulations and standards set by the executive arms, the groups are capable of maintaining the quality of the products. Consequently, the profitability of the products is ensured since the customers get the needed quality. References Mackey, J., Sisodia, R. (2013). Conscious capitalism: liberating the heroic spirit of business. Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business Review Press. Nadler, D., Tushman, M. (1980). A Model for Diagnosing Organiz ational Behavior. Organizational Dynamics, 9(2), 35-51. Pollan, M. (2008). In defense of Whole Food Market: an eaters manifesto. New York: Penguin Press.

Burnt by the Sun - Film Crtitique essays

Burnt by the Sun - Film Crtitique essays In analyzing the two main characters-Kotov and Mitia-there are many distinctions and similarities between the two, insomuch that they were both burnt by the sun. The film takes place in 1936 Russia, nineteen years after the Communist Revolution and well into Stalins purges. The film centers on Colonel Kotov, a revolutionary in the Bolshevik uprising and Mitia, a member of Stalins secret political police who was sent to retrieve Kotov for his execution. In analyzing Kotov, one can understand why Stalin would consider him a threat to his desire to be dictator of Russia. The Colonel was a strong and powerful man, and very charismatic. He rose from meager rural beginnings to be transformed by Socialism into the man Stalin wanted as men of Russia-a good soldier who loves his people, his revolution, and his Motherland. Respected and glorified by all, nothing seems to be able to get in his way as demonstrated in the opening scenes of the movies as he orders a battalion of tanks and airplanes to withdraw their maneuvers in a rural area. The film therefore illustrates the age-old injustices inherent in absolute power and how easily past loyalties is betrayed, or in other words, how he (and later Mitia) were burnt by the sun. Kotov, does not exude the image of one who could be accused of treason. Accounts of amazing confessions aired on the radio of trials and executions of other leading Communists didnt perturb him. When Stalin's political police force, comes to arrest him, Kotov remains very calm, expecting to resolve everything with a simple phone call to the Kremlin, but when the arresting officers turn violent, Kotov understands. Therefore his tragedy is not that of a guilty man, but the tragedy of a man blinded by the precepts and principles of the all-powerful regime he fought to establish. The most obscure and probably the most important point of the movie was the ominous fireballs that appeared throughout the fil...

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 4

History - Essay Example According to him, â€Å"The main problem was that in giving free reign to ethnic claims the European map came to resemble a patchwork mosaic which had no real coherence and which shattered the balance of power that had prevailed in the nineteenth century† (Mitchell 147). He asserts that in the early 1920s, the political and economic situation in Europe was fragmented and it became a conducive place for the outbreak of World War II. He cites the two main defects of the Treaty of Versailles are: it did not give satisfaction to any country, and that there was no strong leader to back it up. France was not happy about the compensation and the security issue, while Germany was suffering from the harsh treatment inflicted on it by the winning countries, and Italy was a victim of unfulfilled promises of territory in exchange for joining the war. The other countries under the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the new and reconstituted states also had their own grievances. Because of these g rievances, the countries were divided and were never united. Aldcroft continues to assert that the Allied statesmen did not do a good job in clearing the mess after the World War I. 1 If they had done a good job, then Europe would have been more stable than fragmented. Moreover, he declares that the Allies were also disunited themselves and have different self interests and concerns. They were more concerned about their own welfare than that of Europe. On the contrary, Mark Mazower, in â€Å"Two Cheers for Versailles,† History Today (July 1997), does not support the idea that the Treaty of Versailles was responsible for the outbreak of World War II. According to him, â€Å"If we want to find guidance in the past for how to tackle the problems of nationalism that remain in Europe, we cannot do better than return to the diplomats who gathered in Paris eighty years

Under non-ideal conditions, it is necessary to trade off between Essay

Under non-ideal conditions, it is necessary to trade off between relevance and reliability when estimating future cash flows. Critically appraise this statement - Essay Example In this regard, the reliability of accounting information as an apparatus for forecasting future cash flows require accreditation from the actual source to ascertain its relevance to the study of future trends concerning cash flows (Gandevani 74). For accounting information to be relevant in the estimation of future cash flows, it must be in accord with the established international accounting principle. Financial analysts argue that accounting transactions that are not supported by the reality in contextual market are defective and misleading, and their reliability is irrelevant in predicting future cash flows (Gandevani 73). In fact, failure to incorporate both reliability and relevance in decision making will always lead to unprofitable returns. For instance, unreliable information might lead to overestimation or underestimation of future cash flows, and this may result in poor planning of activities. It is important to recognize that accounting conservatisms is pro relevance at the expense of reliability which means that relevance of accounting figures and transaction is a vital tool for estimation of future cash flows. In summary, both reliability and relevance must be put into consideration when estimating future cash f lows for an

The Effect of Music on the Mind and Leaning Abilities Essay

The Effect of Music on the Mind and Leaning Abilities - Essay Example Music is a stimulus perceived by hearing and had been described as the language of the soul on the basis of the properties believed to have effects on emotions and other aspects of a person’s well being such as the cognition, mental action and even leaning capabilities. Based on motivational and therapeutic studies, music can make a person achieve a relaxed feeling and accomplishment. Due to the said effects, music can help a person achieve volition or an â€Å"act of will† that helps in achieving a certain decision, which can be considered as a positive effect (Crowe 142). The effects of music on any form of problematic situation then can be considered as motivation and therapeutic. For that matter, such practice had been recognized to have positive and productive effects and referred to as the music therapy. Due to the observed effect of music, it had been explored and applied to different process to help conditions of the mind and emotion. The said interest then in r elation of the effects of music is the main connection of the study undertaken. That is to be able to concentrate on the research undertaken related to the functions of the mind and the performance of learners upon exposure to measurable and quantifiable musical input.

Hybrid Cars Essay Example for Free

Hybrid Cars Essay Are hybrid cars the answer? Author Jack R. Nerad explains to us in his book, â€Å"The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles† (Nerad, p. 5) that â€Å"With the rising cost in gasoline costs, the hybrid car has exploded into the fastest-growing segment of the American car industry. † With this important information we should all stop to ask ourselves why. Many individuals in our country feel that each person must do their part in protecting our environment. Not only has our population been more educated in recent years on environmental factors that can destroy our planet, but it’s clear that this impact has enlightened us to start making huge efforts in becoming a part of the solution to save our planet. By using hybrid cars for transportation, we are each showing respect and concern for this problem. We learn from Author’s Nick Yost and David Friedman (Yost; Friedman, p.4) in the book â€Å"The Essential Hybrid Car Handbook: A Buyer’s Guide† that hybrid cars were first introduced to Americans in our recent history of transportation. â€Å"When Japanese manufacturer Honda introduced its insight to the American motorists in December of 1999, it also ushered in a radically different concept in modern automotive transportation; the hybrid car. † Since this important date in history, hybrid cars are popping up in more and more places, everyday and are even becoming more popular with movie stars and those who are wealthy. This proves the importance of the utilization of hybrid cars since most of these people can afford luxury vehicles and are using the alternative hybrid cars in their daily lives. Not only are they proving that driving hybrid cars are necessary in changing our ideas about the way we participate in taking care of our environment but they are demonstrating that hybrid cars are attractive and just as useful as other cars on the road. Everyone in our country must take in as much information as possible about hybrid cars and spread the word that these vehicles should replace all other road vehicles. We can start by educating in our schools and communities where people can learn at an early age the incredible importance of changing our ways of thinking. Children will grow up with a better understanding of hybrid cars and be more apt to create and purchase them. With the education being spread and used by everyone in our country, it will be a sure way to express that we do care and our taking every single effort in changing over to hybrid cars. Although, it is virtually impossible to transform every American car over to hybrid in the next year, we can only take useful steps in making changes to better our own future and that of our descendents. Purchasing and driving hybrid cars are a wonderful sign that we are improving our ideas about the way we think about changing transportation and our environment to make things better. Hybrid cars are affordable and will even get cheaper in the future as we learn to manufacture them for higher demands. We will witness a growing number of people buying hybrid cars as we get used to the idea that they are popular and affordable to everyone in our country. Reference Page Nerad, Jack R. 2007. The Complete Idiots Guide to Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles. Alpha Publishers. P. 15. Yost, Nick; Friedman, David. 2006. The Essential Hybrid Car Handbook: A Buyer’s Guide. 2006. The Lyons Press. Edition 1. P.

re-introduction of wolves into maine :: essays research papers

Reentering the eastern timber wolf into northern Maine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before the 20th century the eastern timber wolf lived and thrived in northern and central Maine. A combination of hunting and trapping however killed off most of the indigenous wolves and drove the rest into Canada.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The eastern timber wolf stands between 26†- 36† tall, and weighs between 65- 85 pounds for a female and 80- 95 pounds for a male. They stretch from between 5- 6.5 feet from nose to tale. The eastern timber wolf travels in packs of 2-8. The pack consists of the breeding male and female and their offspring it may also have subordinate adult wolves that recognize the breeding male’s leadership. Only the dominant male and female breed, the female has a litter of between 4-7 pups. A wolf pack has a territory that can be as big as 1,000 square miles, although it is generally less than this.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people feel that since it was humans that drove the wolves away from the state of Maine it is our ethical duty to bring them back and see that they survive. I am now going to go over some of the pros and con’s of reintroducing the eastern timber wolf back into Maine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With the wolves gone in Maine there was a predator vacuum created. This means that there was an over abundance of the animals the wolves used to prey upon. This in turn led to the increased number of coyotes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The eastern coyote is much larger then their western cousins and have a more powerful jaw for taking bigger game. They fit into the niche of the wolf perfectly. They have adapted until they can do just about anything a wolf could do; they are starting to travel in packs and are growing larger each generation. The eastern coyote is so well established in Maine and it is so closely related to the eastern timber wolf that if you wanted to reintroduce the wolf you would first have to greatly decrease the number of coyote.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most people say that if you reintroduce the wolf to Maine, big game hunting would have to be stopped. This is untrue. As long as the deer and moose population neither grows nor decreases hunting is doing its job. Wolves don’t have any great effect on the population of their prey. They take only sick and old animals and very rarely do they take an animal that has a likelihood of breeding.

The Theme of Madness Characterized by Ophelia and Hamlet in Hamlet by William Shakespeare :: Papers Hamlet Shakespeare Essays

The Theme of Madness Characterized by Ophelia and Hamlet in Hamlet by William Shakespeare In Hamlet, Shakespeare incorporates a theme of madness with two characters: one truly mad, and one only acting mad to serve a motive. The madness of Hamlet is frequently disputed. This paper argues that the contrapuntal character in the play, namely Ophelia, acts as a balancing argument to Hamlet's madness or sanity. Ophelia's breakdown and Hamlet's "north-north-west" brand of insanity argue for Hamlet having a method to his seeming insanity. The play offers a character on each side of sanity. While Shakespeare does not directly put Ophelia's insanity, or breakdown, against Hamlet's own madness, there is indeed a clear definitiveness in Ophelia's condition and a clear uncertainty in Hamlet's madness. Obviously, Hamlet's character offers more evidence, while Ophelia's breakdown is quick, but more conclusive in its precision. Shakespeare offers clear evidence pointing to Hamlet's sanity beginning with the first scene of the play. Hamlet begins with guards whose main importance in the play is to give credibility to the ghost. If Hamlet were to see his father's ghost in private, the argument for his madness would greatly improve. Yet, not one, but three men together witness the ghost before even thinking to notify Hamlet. As Hamlet says, "O that this too too sullied flesh would melt†¦" we can see that he is depressed and appalled, but it does not mean he is insane. As Horatio says, being the only one of the guards to play a significant role in the rest of the play, "Before my God, I might not this believe/ Without the sensible and true avouch/ Of mine own eyes." Horatio, who appears frequently throughout the play, acts as an unquestionably sane alibi to Hamlet again when framing the King with his reaction to the play. That Hamlet speaks to the ghost alone detracts somewhat from its credibility, but all the men were witness to the ghost demanding they speak alone. Horatio offers an insightful warning, "What if it tempts you toward the flood, my lord, Or to the dreadful summit of the cliff That beetles o'er his base into the sea, And there assume some other horrible form. Which might deprive your sovereignty of reason, And draw you into madness? Think of it." Horatio's comment may be where Hamlet gets the idea to use a plea of insanity to work out his plan.

Ethnography

AN ETHNOGRAPHY â€Å"When used as a method, ethnography typically refers to fieldwork (alternatively, participant-observation) conducted by a single investigator who ‘lives with and lives like' those who are studied, usually for a year or more. † –John Van Maanen, 1996. â€Å"Ethnography literally means ‘a portrait of a people. ‘ An ethnography is a written description of a particular culture – the customs, beliefs, and behavior – based on information collected through fieldwork. † –Marvin Harris and Orna Johnson, 2000. â€Å"Ethnography is the art and science of describing a group or culture.The description may be of a small tribal group in an exotic land or a classroom in middle-class suburbia. † –David M. Fetterman, 1998. Ethnography is a social science research method. It relies heavily on up-close, personal experience and possible participation, not just observation, by researchers trained in the art of et hnography. These ethnographers often work in multidisciplinary teams. The ethnographic focal point may include intensive language and culture learning, intensive study of a single field or domain, and a blend of historical, observational, and interview methods.Typical ethnographic research employs three kinds of data collection: interviews, observation, and documents. This in turn produces three kinds of data: quotations, descriptions, and excerpts of documents, resulting in one product: narrative description. This narrative often includes charts, diagrams and additional artifacts that help to tell â€Å"the story† (Hammersley, 1990). Ethnographic methods can give shape to new constructs or paradigms, and new variables, for further empirical testing in the field or through traditional, quantitative social science methods. Ethnography has it roots planted in the fields of anthropology and sociology.Present-day practitioners conduct ethnographies in organizations and communitie s of all kinds. Ethnographers study schooling, public health, rural and urban development, consumers and consumer goods, any human arena. While particularly suited to exploratory research, ethnography draws on a wide range of both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, moving from â€Å"learning† to â€Å"testing† (Agar, 1996) while research problems, perspectives, and theories emerge and shift. Ethnographic methods are a means of tapping local points of view, households and community â€Å"funds of nowledge† (Moll & Greenberg, 1990), a means of identifying significant categories of human experience up close and personal. Ethnography enhances and widens top down views and enriches the inquiry process, taps both bottom-up insights and perspectives of powerful policy-makers â€Å"at the top,† and generates new analytic insights by engaging in interactive, team exploration of often subtle arenas of human difference and similarity. Through such findings ethnographers may inform others of their findings with an attempt to derive, for example, policy decisions or instructional innovations from such an analysis.VARIATIONS IN OBSERVATIONAL METHODS Observational research is not a single thing. The decision to employ field methods in gathering informational data is only the first step in a decision process that involves a large number of options and possibilities. Making the choice to employ field methods involves a commitment to get close to the subject being observed in its natural setting, to be factual and descriptive in reporting what is observed, and to find out the points of view of participants in the domain observed.Once these fundamental commitments have been made, it is necessary to make additional decisions about which particular observational approaches are appropriate for the research situation at hand. VARIATIONS IN OBSERVER INVOLVEMENT: PARTICIPANT OR ONLOOKER? The first and most fundamental distinction among observationa l strategies concerns the extent to which the observer is also a participant in the program activities being studied. This is not really a simple choice between participation and nonparticipation.The extent of participation is a continuum which varies from complete immersion in the program as full participant to complete separation from the activities observed, taking on a role as spectator; there is a great deal of variation along the continuum between these two extremes. Participant observation is an omnibus field strategy in that it â€Å"simultaneously combines document analysis, interviewing of respondents and informants, direct participation and observation, and introspection. In participant observation the researcher shares as intimately as possible in the life and activities of the people in the observed setting.The purpose of such participation is to develop an insider's view of what is happening. This means that the researcher not only sees what is happening but â€Å"fe els† what it is like to be part of the group. Experiencing an environment as an insider is what necessitates the participant part of participant observation. At the same time, however, there is clearly an observer side to this process. The challenge is to combine participation and observation so as to become capable of understanding the experience as an insider while describing the experience for outsiders.The extent to which it is possible for a researcher to become a full participant in an experience will depend partly on the nature of the setting being observed. For example, in human service and education programs that serve children, it is not possible for the researcher to become a student and therefore experience the setting as a child; it may be possible, however, for the research observer to participate as a volunteer, parent, or staff person in such a setting and thereby develop the perspective of an insider in one of these adult roles.It should be said, though, that many ethnographers do not believe that understanding requires that they become full members of the group(s) being studied. Indeed, many believe that this must not occur if a valid and useful account is to be produced. These researchers believe the ethnographer must try to be both outsider and insider, staying on the margins of the group both socially and intellectually. This is because what is required is both an outside and an inside view.For this reason it is sometimes emphasized that, besides seeking to â€Å"understand†, the ethnographer must also try to see familiar settings as â€Å"anthropologically strange†, as they would be seen by someone from another society, adopting what we might call the Martian perspective. METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES Following are three methodological principles that are used to provide the rationale for the specific features of the ethnographic method.They are also the basis for much of the criticism of quantitative research for failing to capture the true nature of human social behavior; because it relies on the study of artificial settings and/or on what people say rather than what they do; because it seeks to reduce meanings to what is observable; and because it reifies social phenomena by treating them as more clearly defined and static than they are, and as mechanical products of social and psychological factors (M. Hammersley, 1990). The three principles can be summarized under the headings of naturalism, understanding and discovery: 1.Naturalism. This is the view that the aim of social research is to capture the character of naturally occurring human behavior, and that this can only be achieved by first-hand contact with it, not by inferences from what people do in artificial settings like experiments or from what they say in interviews about what they do elsewhere. This is the reason that ethnographers carry out their research in â€Å"natural† settings, settings that exist independently of the resea rch process, rather than in those set up specifically for the purposes of research.Another important implication of naturalism is that in studying natural settings the researcher should seek to minimize her or his effects on the behavior of the people being studied. The aim of this is to increase the chances that what is discovered in the setting will be generalizable to other similar settings that have not been researched. Finally, the notion of naturalism implies that social events and processes must be explained in terms of their relationship to the context in which they occur. 2.Understanding. Central here is the argument that human actions differ from the behavior of physical objects, and even from that of other animals: they do not consist simply of fixed responses or even of learned responses to stimuli, but involve interpretation of stimuli and the construction of responses. Sometimes this argument reflects a complete rejection of the concept of causality as inapplicable to the social world, and an insistence on the freely constructed character of human actions and institutions.Others argue that causal relations are to be found in the social world, but that they differ from the â€Å"mechanical† causality typical of physical phenomena. From this point of view, if we are to be able to explain human actions effectively we must gain an understanding of the cultural perspectives on which they are based. That this is necessary is obvious when we are studying a society that is alien to us, since we shall find much of what we see and hear puzzling. However, ethnographers argue that it is just as important when we are studying more familiar settings.Indeed, when a setting is familiar the danger of misunderstanding is especially great. It is argued that we cannot assume that we already know others' perspectives, even in our own society, because particular groups and individuals develop distinctive worldviews. This is especially true in large complex soci eties. Ethnic, occupational, and small informal groups (even individual families or school classes) develop distinctive ways of orienting to the world that may need to be understood if their behavior is to be explained.Ethnographers argue, then, that it is necessary to learn the culture of the group one is studying before one can produce valid explanations for the behavior of its members. This is the reason for the centrality of participant observation and unstructured interviewing to ethnographic method. 3. Discovery. Another feature of ethnographic thinking is a conception of the research process as inductive or discovery-based; rather than as being limited to the testing of explicit hypotheses.It is argued that if one approaches a phenomenon with a set of hypotheses one may fail to discover the true nature of that phenomenon, being blinded by the assumptions built into the hypotheses. Rather, they have a general interest in some types of social phenomena and/or in some theoretica l issue or practical problem. The focus of the research is narrowed and sharpened, and perhaps even changed substantially, as it proceeds. Similarly, and in parallel, theoretical ideas that frame descriptions and explanations of what is observed are developed over the course of the research.Such ideas are regarded as a valuable outcome of, not a precondition for, research. ETHNOGRAPHY AS METHOD In terms of method, generally speaking, the term â€Å"ethnography† refers to social research that has most of the following features (M. Hammersley, 1990). (a) People's behavior is studied in everyday contexts, rather than under experimental conditions created by the researcher. (b) Data are gathered from a range of sources, but observation and/or relatively informal conversations are usually the main ones. c) The approach to data collection is â€Å"unstructured in the sense that it does not involve following through a detailed plan set up at the beginning; nor are the categories us ed for interpreting what people say and do pre-given or fixed. This does not mean that the research is unsystematic; simply that initially the data are collected in as raw a form, and on as wide a front, as feasible. (d) The focus is usually a single setting or group, of relatively small scale. In life history research the focus may even be a single individual. (e) The analysis of the data involves interpretation of the eanings and functions of human actions and mainly takes the form of verbal descriptions and explanations, with quantification and statistical analysis playing a subordinate role at most. As a set of methods, ethnography is not far removed from the sort of approach that we all use in everyday life to make sense of our surroundings. It is less specialized and less technically sophisticated than approaches like the experiment or the social survey; though all social research methods have their historical origins in the ways in which human beings gain information about th eir world in everyday life.SUMMARY GUIDELINES FOR FIELDWORK It is difficult, if not impossible, to provide a precise set of rules and procedures for conducting fieldwork. What you do depends on the situation, the purpose of the study, the nature of the setting, and the skills, interests, needs, and point of view of the observer. Following are some generic guidelines for conducting fieldwork: 1. Be descriptive in taking field notes. 2. Gather a variety of information from different perspectives. 3. Cross-validate and triangulate by gathering different kinds of data.Example: observations, interviews, program documentation, recordings, and photographs. 4. Use quotations; represent program participants in their own terms. Capture participants' views of their own experiences in their own words. 5. Select key informants wisely and use them carefully. Draw on the wisdom of their informed perspectives, but keep in mind that their perspectives are limited. 6. Be aware of and sensitive to the different stages of fieldwork. (a) Build trust and rapport at the entry stage. Remember that the researcher-observer is also being observed and evaluated. b) Stay alert and disciplined during the more routine middle-phase of fieldwork. (c) Focus on pulling together a useful synthesis as fieldwork draws to a close. (d) Be disciplined and conscientious in taking detailed field notes at all stages of fieldwork. (e) Be as involved as possible in experiencing the observed setting as fully as possible while maintaining an analytical perspective grounded in the purpose of the fieldwork: to conduct research. (f) Clearly separate description from interpretation and judgment. (g) Provide formative feedback as part of the verification process of fieldwork.Time that feedback carefully. Observe its impact. (h) Include in your field notes and observations reports of your own experiences, thoughts, and feelings. These are also field data. Fieldwork is a highly personal experience. The meshing of fieldwork procedures with individual capabilities and situational variation is what makes fieldwork a highly personal experience. The validity and meaningfulness of the results obtained depend directly on the observer's skill, discipline, and perspective. This is both the strength and weakness of observational methods. SUMMARY GUIDELINES FOR INTERVIEWINGThere is no one right way of interviewing, no single correct format that is appropriate for all situations, and no single way of wording questions that will always work. The particular evaluation situation, the needs of the interviewee, and the personal style of the interviewer all come together to create a unique situation for each interview. Therein lie the challenges of depth interviewing: situational responsiveness and sensitivity to get the best data possible. There is no recipe for effective interviewing, but there are some useful guidelines that can be considered.These guidelines are summarized below (Patton, 1987). 1. Through out all phases of interviewing, from planning through data collection to analysis, keep centered on the purpose of the research endeavor. Let that purpose guide the interviewing process. 2. The fundamental principle of qualitative interviewing is to provide a framework within which respondents can express their own understandings in their own terms. 3. Understand the strengths and weaknesses of different types of interviews: the informal conversational interview; the interview guide approach; and the standardized open-ended interview. . Select the type of interview (or combination of types) that is most appropriate to the purposes of the research effort. 5. Understand the different kinds of information one can collect through interviews: behavioral data; opinions; feelings; knowledge; sensory data; and background information. 6. Think about and plan how these different kinds of questions can be most appropriately sequenced for each interview topic, including past, present, and futur e questions. 7. Ask truly open-ended questions. 8. Ask clear questions, using understandable and appropriate language. . Ask one question at a time. 10. Use probes and follow-up questions to solicit depth and detail. 11. Communicate clearly what information is desired, why that information is important, and let the interviewee know how the interview is progressing. 12. Listen attentively and respond appropriately to let the person know he or she is being heard. 13. Avoid leading questions. 14. Understand the difference between a depth interview and an interrogation. Qualitative evaluators conduct depth interviews; police investigators and tax auditors conduct interrogations. 5. Establish personal rapport and a sense of mutual interest. 16. Maintain neutrality toward the specific content of responses. You are there to collect information not to make judgments about that person. 17. Observe while interviewing. Be aware of and sensitive to how the person is affected by and responds to different questions. 18. Maintain control of the interview. 19. Tape record whenever possible to capture full and exact quotations for analysis and reporting. 20. Take notes to capture and highlight major points as the interview progresses. 1. As soon as possible after the interview check the recording for malfunctions; review notes for clarity; elaborate where necessary; and record observations. 22. Take whatever steps are appropriate and necessary to gather valid and reliable information. 23. Treat the person being interviewed with respect. Keep in mind that it is a privilege and responsibility to peer into another person's experience. 24. Practice interviewing. Develop your skills. 25. Enjoy interviewing. Take the time along the way to stop and â€Å"hear† the roses. SITE DOCUMENTSIn addition to participant observation and interviews, ethnographers may also make use of various documents in answering guiding questions. When available, these documents can add additional insi ght or information to projects. Because ethnographic attention has been and continues to be focused on both literate and non-literate peoples, not all research projects will have site documents available. It is also possible that even research among a literate group will not have relevant site documents to consider; this could vary depending on the focus of the research.Thinking carefully about your participants and how they function and asking questions of your informants helps to decide what kinds of documents might be available. Possible documents include: budgets, advertisements, work descriptions, annual reports, memos, school records, correspondence, informational brochures, teaching materials, newsletters, websites, recruitment or orientation packets, contracts, records of court proceedings, posters, minutes of meetings, menus, and many other kinds of written items.For example, an ethnographer studying how limited-English proficient elementary school students learn to acquire English in a classroom setting might want to collect such things as the state or school mandated Bilingual/ESL curriculum for students in the school(s) where he or she does research, and examples of student work. Local school budget allocations to language minority education, specific teachers' lesson plans, and copies of age-appropriate ESL textbooks could also be relevant.It might also be useful to try finding subgroups of professional educators organizations which focus on teaching elementary school language arts and join their listservs, attend their meetings, or get copies of their newsletters. Review cumulative student records and school district policies for language minority education. All of these things could greatly enrich the participant observation and the interviews that an ethnographer does. Privacy or copyright issues may apply to the documents gathered, so it is important to inquire about this when you find or are given documents.If you are given permission to incl ude what you learn from these documents in your final paper, the documents should be cited appropriately and included in the bibliography of the final paper. If you are not given permission, do not use them in any way. ETHICS IN ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH Since ethnographic research takes place among real human beings, there are a number of special ethical concerns to be aware of before beginning. In a nutshell, researchers must make their research goals clear to the members of the community where they undertake their research and gain the informed consent of their consultants to the research beforehand.It is also important to learn whether the group would prefer to be named in the written report of the research or given a pseudonym and to offer the results of the research if informants would like to read it. Most of all, researchers must be sure that the research does not harm or exploit those among whom the research is done. ANALYZING, INTERPRETING AND REPORTING FINDINGS Remember that the researcher is the detective looking for trends and patterns that occur across the various groups or within individuals (Krueger, 1994).The process of analysis and interpretation involve disciplined examination, creative insight, and careful attention to the purposes of the research study. Analysis and interpretation are conceptually separate processes. The analysis process begins with assembling the raw materials and getting an overview or total picture of the entire process. The researcher's role in analysis covers a continuum with assembly of raw data on one extreme and interpretative comments on the other. Analysis is the process of bringing order to the data, organizing what is there into patterns, categories, and basic descriptive units.The analysis process involves consideration of words, tone, context, non-verbals, internal consistency, frequency, extensiveness, intensity, specificity of responses and big ideas. Data reduction strategies are essential in the analysis (Kru eger, 1994). Interpretation involves attaching meaning and significance to the analysis, explaining descriptive patterns, and looking for relationships and linkages among descriptive dimensions. Once these processes have been completed the researcher must report his or her interpretations and conclusions QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTIONReports based on qualitative methods will include a great deal of pure description of the program and/or the experiences of people in the research environment. The purpose of this description is to let the reader know what happened in the environment under observation, what it was like from the participants' point of view to be in the setting, and what particular events or activities in the setting were like. In reading through field notes and interviews the researcher begins to look for those parts of the data that will be polished for presentation as pure description in the research report.What is included by way of description will depend on what questions the researcher is attempting to answer. Often an entire activity will be reported in detail and depth because it represents a typical experience. These descriptions are written in narrative form to provide a holistic picture of what has happened in the reported activity or event. REPORTING FINDINGS The actual content and format of a qualitative report will depend on the information needs of primary stakeholders and the purpose of the research. Even a comprehensive report will have to omit a great deal of the data collected by the researcher.Focus is essential. Analysts who try to include everything risk losing their readers in the sheer volume of the presentation. This process has been referred to as â€Å"the agony of omitting†. The agony of omitting on the part of the researcher is matched only by the readers' agony in having to read those things that were not omitted, but should have been. BALANCE BETWEEN DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS In considering what to omit, a decision has to be made about how much description to include. Detailed description and in-depth quotations are the essential qualities of qualitative accounts.Sufficient description and direct quotations should be included to allow readers to understand fully the research setting and the thoughts of the people represented in the narrative. Description should stop short, however, of becoming trivial and mundane. The reader does not have to know absolutely everything that was done or said. Again the problem of focus arises. Description is balanced by analysis and interpretation. Endless description becomes its own muddle. The purpose of analysis is to organize the description in a way that makes it manageable. Description is balanced by analysis and leads into interpretation.An interesting and readable final account provides sufficient description to allow the reader to understand the analysis and sufficient analysis to allow the reader to understand the interpretations and explanations presente d. Try It Yourself Why do people see things differently? The importance of ethnographic research Apple Example Thomas Kuhn suggests that what people see depends on what â€Å"previous visual and conceptual experience has taught† them. This suggests that what we look at and what we see are two different things. Anthropologists Anne Campbell of Washington State University and Patricia C.Rice of West Virginia University give an excellent example of how what we look at and what we see can be different things, depending on who perceives a situation or thing. Try this: * gather two to three people and mentally place an apple on a table in front of the group. * Without any prior discussion, each group member should take a moment to individually write down what it is he or she sees. * After a few minutes, compare notes. What do you find? Did everyone see the same thing? What color was the apple? Are there specific colors given to the apple?What about the type of apple on the table, d id anyone acknowledge if there was a difference between a golden delicious and a Macintosh? What about the size of the apple? Did anyone include size as a characteristic of the apple? What this example shows is that no two people see the same thing. We may understand what an apple is, but in terms of describing it and â€Å"seeing† it much of our sight comes from pervious â€Å"visual-conceptual† experiences. Someone knowledgeable in produce may know that there are many types of apples, just as someone interested in quantities of food may take note of the size of the apple.

The eNotes Blog How College Is Like That Juicy Hamburger You Just Dont Want toEnd

How College Is Like That Juicy Hamburger You Just Dont Want toEnd Just come with us on this one intern offers more advice on how to savor college and prep for the real world, which in foodie-terms can only be likened to that salad bar at the Souplantationa bottomless pit of just meh. So, now that weve livened your spirits Picture this. You’re at a restaurant, and it’s around 3 or 4 o’clock. You woke up late and didn’t have time to grab any breakfast, and you had class for a couple straight hours without a break. Essentially, you’ve gone all day without a single bite of food, and MAN you’re hungry. So hungry, in fact, that the moment the waiter brings you whatever it is you’ve ordered (probably something with french fries), you praise him for his good deed, nearly yank it from his hands, and devour the entire meal before you even realize it’s happening. The next time you look at your plate, you realize it’s just you and a couple crumbs left. You aren’t even sure what you just ate. Now, I didn’t just use this example because this is my life on a near regular basis†¦ I used it because it’s really applicable! Watch me go, I promise, this is totally going to resonate. That hamburger and french fries you just savagely took down in 2 minutes flat- that’s college (Oh my GOODNESS, what is that you say?). Chances are, you (you near graduate, you) feel like college â€Å"whoosh†ed past you in 2 minutes flat, or something close to that. You’re looking back at all those fragments of memories and experiences, and probably freaking out a little bit. Okay, maybe a lot-a-bit. I know I’ve spent the past couple nights rehearsing lines like these: â€Å"where’d all the time go?† and â€Å"I can’t believe it† and maybe some â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (that’s just some silent wall-staring). Fret no more, fellow sorry souls. We’re all in this together. We’re going to make it through. We’re going to savor all the best things about college while we still can. For those of you who aren’t as close to the end of the plank as us, pay heed to this list of top 10 things that are awesome about college (and maybe try to chew a little slower). When someone asks you what you’re doing with your life, you are allowed to answer â€Å"I’m a student,† and just like that, the â€Å"I now have to tell a stranger I have no idea what I’m doing with my life and I’m unemployed† conversational crisis is averted. Seriously, just like that. Enjoy this. Even if you have to awkwardly linger around people until they ask you that question, just do it. You essentially live in a weird village full of likeminded, crazy 18-22 year olds, and you’re friends with a ton of them- this is something that could only be crafted by a spirit above. Seriously†¦you live surrounded by your friends. Surrounded. This will likely never happen again in your life. Ever. Go hang out with your neighbors (and by neighbors I mean those that live: next door, across the street, down the street, and anywhere from 1-10 blocks away from you). This weird village you live in has its own set of moral codes and ethics. Close to 50% of the things you do in the little microcosm of a world that is your college town will never be accepted outside of that bubble. Revel in it. On the same vein, once you graduate, you will no longer be able to recount events of the past night or week and shrug it off with a smirk and the words, â€Å"college, man.† Self explanatory. The opportunities your university provides for you are endless. Clubs, events, speakers, concerts, special lectures, counselors, employment- the list goes on and on. You should participate as much as you can and take advantage of it all. Don’t be lazy, you’ll miss out on a lot of experiences you won’t be able to get anywhere else. You can cook like you’re a survivor on the series Lost, and no one will judge you. Pre-packaged foods, a microwave†¦who needs a stove or forks or knives? I mean, even if you wanted to have a dinner party, Trader Joes has some frozen meals that serve at least four people. You’re all set! Once you leave college, people actually may start expecting you to use fresh ingredients and things like spices (not the kind that comes inside your top ramen package- mmm, MSG). Eat as many microwavable chicken nuggets and taquitos as you can, while you still can. You get to learn the things you want to learn about. I know everyone complains about school because of all the work and studying and blah, blah, blah. But we all know, deep down, we like it at least a little bit. The fact that we get to fill our brains with new information on a daily basis, and that that information may lead us in one direction or other, building our interests and leading us to new ones†¦that’s just awesome. You know it, I know it. We just don’t like to really admit it all the time. College students are stubborn. You can wear sweatpants whenever you want because your day job isn’t really a job at all. Your job is to sit in a lecture and try to stay awake while learning things. Nowhere in that description are the words â€Å"business casual.† Pajamas are only pajamas if you’re in bed and sleeping- otherwise, they’re just clothes. Think about that. You’re allowed to dabble in things without being talked about as if you’re a lost soul searching for your way. Hey, it’s college. You’re encouraged to try new things, regardless of what they are. Literally, you can do anything and people (essentially by law) have to just nod and say, â€Å"that’s what college is for,† and they’re right. So explore, a lot, and do the weirdest things you can possibly think of because you never know what’ll stick. Soon it’ll be too late and your dreams of being a figure skater will be looked at a little more critically (Not that that should hinder you. You should always chase your dreams, even if people laugh at you, or think you’re nuts. I’m just saying, take advantage of the head start college is intended to give you). You are told, around three times a year, that you must stop doing schoolwork and instead, â€Å"relax.† Winter break, spring break, and summer vacation are some of the best inventions that have ever been created in the history of the world. Fire, the wheel- they pale in comparison. It’s mandated, enforced relaxation. This will most likely never be permitted at any other time in your life. Phew. Good luck. If all else fails, listen to some ‘90s music. Or to Hall and Oates (specifically, â€Å"You Make My Dreams†). You will feel like a kid at Disneyland who’s eating a churro (and we all know that’s the best feeling in the world).

Free Essays on Womens Role

We live in an age where women have gained access, and freedoms to explore a wide range of interest, and life styles more than they ever could in the past: freedoms to enter the man’s work force; freedom to hold bank accounts, and get mortgages and loans. In some states, they even have the freedom to marry the same sex. In this age of increasing change, there is one area that I feel women got confused and would need help to make a right decision in their lives whether to look after the family or to work outside the home. In this case I would mention that women in modern society who do not work are in the worst position then those who are occupied in some activity because of three reasons – working woman is independent, in majority of cases she has better education and she lives in better conditions, then that who doesn’t work. In my opinion, today the idea of having a good job and career makes women struggle for their great wishes in life and to achieve certain level of independence. It unavoidably affects their family status. If housewife is considered to be inferior to her husband because she doesn’t earn money and moreover lives on money of her husband, it is generally thought that the husband has a right to do with her whatever he pleased. It was until the recent times the great problem especially for Asian countries. On the contrary, if woman does work and has some stable income, the husband will never allow himself to â€Å"exercise† his power on her, because she is the same breadwinner as her husband, and their rights and liabilities in family are divided equally. The second argument of mine states that those women who work have better education and the level of development then those who stay at home. It is because those working at home do not have that experience and viewpoint as business women do, who work among other people, and can learn their views and accept their knowledge as well. At the same time interests ... Free Essays on Women's Role Free Essays on Women's Role We live in an age where women have gained access, and freedoms to explore a wide range of interest, and life styles more than they ever could in the past: freedoms to enter the man’s work force; freedom to hold bank accounts, and get mortgages and loans. In some states, they even have the freedom to marry the same sex. In this age of increasing change, there is one area that I feel women got confused and would need help to make a right decision in their lives whether to look after the family or to work outside the home. In this case I would mention that women in modern society who do not work are in the worst position then those who are occupied in some activity because of three reasons – working woman is independent, in majority of cases she has better education and she lives in better conditions, then that who doesn’t work. In my opinion, today the idea of having a good job and career makes women struggle for their great wishes in life and to achieve certain level of independence. It unavoidably affects their family status. If housewife is considered to be inferior to her husband because she doesn’t earn money and moreover lives on money of her husband, it is generally thought that the husband has a right to do with her whatever he pleased. It was until the recent times the great problem especially for Asian countries. On the contrary, if woman does work and has some stable income, the husband will never allow himself to â€Å"exercise† his power on her, because she is the same breadwinner as her husband, and their rights and liabilities in family are divided equally. The second argument of mine states that those women who work have better education and the level of development then those who stay at home. It is because those working at home do not have that experience and viewpoint as business women do, who work among other people, and can learn their views and accept their knowledge as well. At the same time interests ...